Crane Meadows, north of Lolo Creek in Clearwater County, Idaho. Space, 30; Atlas map 71.
The white bear is the grizzly bear, Ursus horribilis.
They camped on Eldorado Creek, in Idaho County, Idaho, not named on Atlas maps 70 or 71, near the mouth of Lunch Creek. Space, 31.
As the party ascends into the mountains, they leave dry forest types behind and enter a zone with higher precipitation and moist forests similar to those they saw on the Pacific Coast. Two characteristic species of the moist forest are noted here: western white pine, Pinus monticola Dougl., and western redcedar, Thuja plicata Donn. (white cedar or arborvitae refer to the similar eastern species T. occidentalis L.). Western redcedars reach sizes up to sixteen feet in diameter, much larger on average than white cedar. Little (CIH), 62-W, 90-W.
Reed root is the redroot (redstem ceanothus) of [June 10].
The Columbia Basalt underlies this entire area. It contains abundant iron-bearing minerals such as augite and olivine. In dry climates the basalt weathers brown to dark brown, but in wet climates the basalt weathers more easily to a reddish-brown or brick-red hematite. The soil here contains hematite disseminated among several other soil-forming materials.
Identified by Coues (HLC), 3:1044, as Cabanis's woodpeecker, Dryobates villosus hyloscopus. Burroughs, 240, says that Cabanis's woodpecker is not found north of California, and declares this to be the Rocky Mountain hairy woodpecker, Dendrocopos villosus monticola. Cutright (LCPN), 433, agrees with Coues. Both are now subsumed under the hairy woodpecker, Picoides villosus [AOU, 393]. See also Holmgren, 34.
Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis [AOU, 447]; see [June 10, 1805]. Burroughs, 244.
Pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus [AOU, 405]; see [March 4, 1806]. Holmgren, 32; Burroughs, 242.
Identified by Coues (HLC), 3:1044 and n. 8, as the broad-tailed hummingbird, Selasphorus platycercus [AOU, 432], a new species. See also Cutright (LCPN), 301, 306, 437. Holmgren, 31, thinks it could be one of four species, including the broad-tailed.
Cedar Creek, in Idaho County; the actual date was [September 19, 1805]. Space, 14; Peebles (RLC), 22; Atlas map 70.
Perhaps the Clearwater Mountains in Idaho County.
Nez Perce and Camas prairies, according to Peebles (RLC), 22.
Perhaps the Wallowa Mountains in Wallowa County, Oregon. Ibid.
Assuming Clark's River to be, as usual, the Bitterroot and Clark Fork rivers in Montana, and Lewis's River to be the Salmon and the Snake, the separating range would be the Bitterroot Mountains. From where Clark could see them, the mountains would appear to run northwesterly.
Presumably the Seven Devils Mountains, in Idaho and Adams counties, Idaho, between the Snake and the Salmon.
The North Fork of the Clearwater, in Clearwater County. Atlas map 71.
Reubin Field and Willard; see [June 13].